Zhou, F. et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Knife, 395 (10229), 1054-1062 (2020).
Huang, C. et al. Clinical characteristics of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Knife, 395 (10223), 497–506 (2020).
Karagiannidis, C. et al. Case characteristics, resource utilization and outcomes of 10 021 COVID-19 patients admitted to 920 German hospitals: an observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 8 (9), 853-862 (2020).
Richardson, S. et al. To present the characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes of 5700 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in the New York City area. Jama, 323 (20), 2052-2059 (2020).
Gandhi, RT, Lynch, JB and Del Rio, C. Mild or moderate COVID-19. N. Eng. J Med. 383 (18), 1757-1766 (2020).
Berlin, DA, Gulick, RM and Martinez, FJ. Severe COVID-19. N. Eng. J Med. 383 (25), 2451-2460 (2020).
Wu, C. et al. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern. Med. 180 (7), 934-943 (2020).
Richards-Bailey, A. et al. COVID-19 in critical care: epidemiology of the first pandemic wave in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Intensive care medicine. 46 (11), 2035-2047 (2020).
Gupta, S. et al. Factors associated with mortality among critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in the United States. JAMA Intern. Med. 180 (11), 1436-1447 (2020).
Grasselli, G. et al. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to the ICUs of the Lombardy region, Italy. Jama, 323 (16), 1574-1581 (2020).
Cummings, MJ et al. Epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill adults with COVID-19 in New York City: a prospective cohort study. Knife, 395 (10239), 1763–1770 (2020).
Clinical features. COVID-19 outcomes of 4244 critically ill adults at day-90: a prospective cohort study. Intensive care medicine. 47 (1), 60-73 (2021).
Google Scholar
Choi, KJ, Hong, HL, and Kim, EJ, Mortality and the relationship between oxygen saturation and fraction of inhaled oxygen in patients requiring oxygen therapy due to COVID-19-related pneumonia. Tuberc Respir Dis. (Seoul), 84 (2), 125-133 (2021).
Wang, Y. et al. Temporal changes in CT findings in 90 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a longitudinal study. radiology, 296 (2), E55-E64 (2020).
Liu, C. et al. Chest computed tomography and clinical follow-up of discharged patients with COVID-19 in Wenzhou city, Zhejiang, China. Ann. AM. Thorac. Society. 17 (10), 1231-1237 (2020).
Liu, D. et al. Pulmonary sequelae in patients discharged with COVID-19: a short-term observational study. Respiratory Res. 21 (1), 125 (2020).
Solomon, J.J., Heyman, B., Ko, J.P., Kondos, R. and Lynch, DA CT on acute pulmonary complications of COVID-19. radiology, 301 (2), E383-E395 (2021).
Bocchino, M. et al. Chest CT-based assessment of 1-year outcomes after moderate COVID-19 pneumonia. radiology, 305 (2), 479-485 (2022).
Nalbandian, A. et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. net. Med. 27 (4), 601-615 (2021).
Francon, M. et al. Chest CT scores in COVID-19 patients: correlation with disease severity and short-term prognosis. EUR. Radiol. 30 (12), 6808-6817 (2020).
Gonzalez, J. et al. Pulmonary function and radiological features in survivors of severe COVID-19: a 3-month prospective cohort. Chest, 160 (1), 187-198 (2021).
Guler, SA et al. Pulmonary function and radiological features 4 months after COVID-19: first results from the national prospective observational Swiss COVID-19 lung study. EUR. Respiratory J. 57 (4), 2003690 (2021).
Han, X. et al. Six-month follow-up chest CT findings after severe COVID-19 pneumonia. radiology, 299 (1), E177-E186 (2021).
Lee, I. et al. Predictive factors for pulmonary fibrosis after pneumonia in patients with COVID-19: a prospective study. J. Clin. Med. 11 (19), 5913 (2022).
Luger, AK et al. Chest CT of lung injury 1 year after COVID-19 pneumonia: the COVILD study. radiology, 304 (2), 462-470 (2022).
Hu, B., Guo, H., Zhou, P. and Shi, Z. L. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. net. Rev Microbiol. 19 (3), 141-154 (2021).
Harvey, WT et al. SARS-CoV-2 variants, spike mutations and immune escape. net. Rev Microbiol. 19 (7), 409-424 (2021).
Tao, K. et al. Biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. net. Rev. Janet. 22 (12), 757-773 (2021).
Lee, B. et al. Viral infection and transmission in large, well-detected outbreaks caused by the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. net. Commune. 13 (1), 460 (2022).
Lammers, MM and Hagman, BL SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. net. Rev Microbiol. 20 (5), 270-284 (2022).
Paton, M. et al. Mortality and critical care unit admissions associated with SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in England: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infected. Dis. 21 (11), 1518-1528 (2021).
Carbonell, R. et al. Comparison of mortality between the first and second/third wave among 3,795 severe COVID-19 patients with pneumonia admitted to the ICU: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Lancet Reg. Health Euro. 11100243 (2021).
Twohig, KA et al. Hospital admission and emergency care attendance risk for SARS-CoV-2 delta (B.1.617.2) compared with alpha (B.1.1.7) variants of concern: a cohort study. Lancet Infected. Dis. 22 (1), 35-42 (2022).
Florence, D. et al. Severity of COVID-19 cases in months when Alpha and Delta variants predominated. Science. Representative. 12 (1), 15456 (2022).
World Health, O. Clinical management of COVID-19: interim guidance, 27 May 2020 (World Health Organization, Geneva, 2020).
Google Scholar
Hansel, DM et al. Fleischner Society: Glossary of Terms for Thoracic Imaging. radiology, 246 (3), 697-722 (2008).
Martini, K. et al. COVID-19 pneumonia imaging follow-up: when and how? A proposal from ESTI and ESR. EUR. Radiol. 32 (4), 2639-2649 (2022).
Mangalmurthy, N. and Hunter, CA Cytokine storm: understanding COVID-19. immunity to disease, 53 (1), 19-25 (2020).
Chun, HJ et al. Immunofibrotic drivers of impaired lung function in postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. JCI Insight. 6 (14), e148476 (2021).
Knight, JS et al. The intersection of COVID-19 and autoimmunity. J. Clin. invest. 131 (24), e154886 (2021).
McDonald, LT Treatment after COVID-19: Are survivors at risk for pulmonary fibrosis? AM. J. Physiol. Lung cell. Mol. Physiol. 320 (2), L257-L265 (2021).
Malkochova, P. et al. SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant replication and immune evasion. Nature, 599 (7883), 114-119 (2021).
Trobajo-Sanmartin, C. et al. Differences in transmission between SARS-CoV-2 Alpha (B.1.1.7) and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants. Microbiol. Spectrum. 10 (2), e0000822 (2022).
Kumar, N., Quadri, S., AlAwadhi, AI and Alqahtani, M. COVID-19 recovery patterns in the Alpha (B.1.1.7) and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants of SARS-CoV-2. Front. Immunol. 13812606 (2022).
Ong, SWX et al. Clinical and virological characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants: comparing B.1.1.7 (alpha), B.1.351 (beta), and B.1.617.2 A retrospective cohort study (Delta). Clin. Infected. Dis. 75 (1), E1128-E1136 (2022).
Vijayakumar, B. et al. CT lung abnormalities after COVID-19 at 3 months and 1 year after hospital discharge. radiology, 303 (2), 444-454 (2022).
Tarasso, J. et al. Lung function and radiological findings 1 year after COVID-19: a prospective follow-up. Respiratory Res. 23 (1), 242 (2022).